Methods of calculation and engineering protection of critical infrastructure objects and other strategic facilities against long-range projectiles

Abstract

Relevance. One of the key areas of russia's military operations against Ukraine is the destruction of critical infrastructure objects (CIO) of strategic importance. The main types of enemy means for air strikes on CIO are air-launched, ground-launched and water-launched missiles, as well as barrage munitions. The vast majority of the CIO were built in Ukraine above ground, without any engineering structural protection systems to counter air threats, explosions or other impacts related to military operations. The importance of developing the most effective methods of engineering structural protection of the CIO from various types of projectiles as soon as possible was demonstrated by the experience of Ukraine's war with russia, in particular, the analysis of the significant impact of damage to the CIO in the energy sector. At present, Ukraine has a certain lack of regulatory data for designing reliable protective structures for CIO. The aim of this work is to develop a regulatory base for making calculations for the possible impact of various types of forceful effects from air strikes, terrorist attacks, etc. when designing the CIO and other strategic facilities. Currently, the issue of organising the defence of critical infrastructure and other strategic objects is being systematically addressed on the basis of the "Country-Fortress" principle, which provides for the organisation of echeloned air defence combined with comprehensive civil and engineering defence measures. In addition, it is necessary to provide for the reliable protection of existing facilities, taking into account the hazards and threats of today. The process of reducing the risks of damage to the CIO involves identifying threats, their comprehensive assessment, developing measures to reduce threats and their prompt implementation, followed by an assessment of the measures effectiveness. Results. The presented methods of risk assessment of critical infrastructure damage, methods of their engineering and analytical calculations and methods of engineering structural protection against ammunition of various types allow developing an effective integrated system of protection of strategically important objects. The article deals with both the protection of existing facilities and the design of new ones, taking into account the requirements for engineering protection and civil defence.