METHODS OF APPLICATION OF CALCULATION PROBLEMS STUDYING ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

Abstract

Analytical chemistry is the science of research methods for the qualitative and quantitative composition of substances. Recently, physico-chemical experimental methods of research, characterized by speed, accuracy and high sensitivity, have been widely implemented - these are chromatography, polarography, potentiometry, spectrophotometry, etc. In all these methods, we use various calculation problems.
 The ability to solve calculation problems in analytical chemistry is one of the important components of the professional competence of students, because it is a general theoretical basic discipline in the system of training future pharmacists. The use of calculation problems is one of the constituent parts of pharmaceutical education, along with the study and assimilation of theoretical material and the mastery of experimental techniques. The introduction of calculation problems into the educational process makes it possible to implement the following didactic principles of education: ensuring the independence and activity of students, achieving the unity of knowledge and skills, establishing connections between learning and everyday life. At the same time, it is ensured: the development of the optimal method of approach to the theoretical substantiation of the condition of the problem; consolidation of rules, terms, laws, equations; understanding the connection of physical quantities, polytechnic training of students' knowledge; specification, systematization, strengthening and verification of students' knowledge; the combination of theory and practice, the ability to put one's knowledge into practice.
 The article presents the experience of using calculation problems in analytical chemistry at the Department of Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Analysis and Postgraduate Education for the second-year students of the Faculty of Pharmacy. The main attention is paid to the method of solving problems. The main stages of solving the problem are considered, namely:
 
 Determination of the standard of actions (classification of calculation problem systems, their analysis, solution plan and solution design).
 Trial tasks (semi-independent work on solving problems with proposed algorithms, instructions, some indicative actions).
 Independent work of an educational nature (problems and benchmarks of their solutions are proposed, which students can use after completing the independent work stage).
 Thematic independent work (the ability to solve complex problems and the level of the student's mastery of the relevant competence are tested).
 
 The use of calculation problems on the example of various topics of practical classes with different types of control and the scheme for evaluating student activity are described. It is shown that the use of calculation problems in the educational process contributes to the improvement of students' perception of the educational material in the discipline, encourages them to perform independent work, and forms the competencies necessary for successful learning.
 The proposed system contributes to a higher quality study of the fundamental discipline by a future pharmacist, makes it possible to intensify the educational process, acquaints students with the theoretical foundations of problem-solving methods, develops the ability to solve problems in analytical chemistry of various types provided by the current curriculum.