Methods for Fabrication of Freestanding Nanocellulose Film as a Sustainable Material for Packaging and Biomedical Applications: A Review

Abstract

Biopolymers are a sustainable alternative to traditional plastics in the medical and packaging fields. Biopolymers are biodegradable and can be used to reduce plastic pollution. They are derived from renewable resources like cornstarch, sugarcane, or cellulose. Cellulose nanomaterials have the potential to revolutionize various industries. However, the production process of nanocellulose films is time-consuming, and there is a need for quick and adaptable methods to fabricate these films. Techniques such as solvent casting, spin coating, roll-to-roll printing, layer-by-layer assembly, vacuum filtration, and spraying are used to fabricate free-standing nanocellulose films, each with its advantages and limitations. The spraying process shows promise in producing nanocellulose films quickly and efficiently. In addition to that, the need for free-standing nanocellulose films in medical packaging and tissue engineering areas was admirable. However, the rapid process for fabrication of the film should be developed for large-scale production and commercialization of films.