Abstract
Goal: Present a holistic perspective of methods and tools for the development of Product Service Systems (PSS).
 Design/Methodology/Approach: The investigation was conducted in two phases. The first phase presents bibliographic and bibliometric analyses, where 132 papers were read in full. In the second stage, of conceptual development, bibliographic data was grouped and validated by PSS specialists through a questionnaire, whose responses were used to conceptualize a model for PSS development.
 Results: Elaboration of a concept of a model for the development of Product-Service Systems, capable of providing guidance for all stages of its life cycle.
 Limitations of the investigation: The proposed model was applied to the bike sharing business model. However, a limitation was the lack of some information regarding this case to apply some methods and tools proposed in the conceptual model.
 Practical implications: The model developed can be used as a guideline for the elaboration or improvement of a PSS proposal, since it provides structure and control to the business models.
 Originality/Value: The paper demonstrates its originality and relevance by presenting a model centered on a holistic approach, as it provides a perspective of the whole PSS life cycle. Thus, processes are planned and analyzed from the definition of requirements to the destination after use of the PSS.
Highlights
Product-Service Systems (PSS) are defined as integrated systems of products, services, network of actors and infrastructures, which aim to generate value and satisfy customers' needs (Goedkoop et al, 1999)
The following sections show the feedback of the conceptual PSS development model, presented according to the phases of its lifecycle
PSS Requirements Definition To start the development of a PSS by identifying consumer needs and transforming them into requirements, the feedback model for this life cycle stage provides a compilation of methods and tools capable of assisting the processes involved in PSS requirements definition
Summary
Product-Service Systems (PSS) are defined as integrated systems of products, services, network of actors and infrastructures, which aim to generate value and satisfy customers' needs (Goedkoop et al, 1999). The implementation of a PSS can bring several benefits to business propositions, such as increased competitiveness (Tukker, 2015) and improved socioeconomic performance (Baldassarre et al, 2020). To ensure the sustainability of PSS business proposals, it is essential to adopt a systemic perspective (França et al, 2017), considering the entire life cycle of products and services. Beuren et al (2017) corroborate this assertion by proposing a conceptual model for the characterization of a ProductService System based on its life cycle, comprising the stages of requirements definition, development, implementation, monitoring, and destination after use. PSS business proposals need a holistic perspective, in which the
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