Abstract
Currently galvanic sludge is considered as one of the most dangerous wastes, which are formed during purification of galvanic wastewater. The slimes of galvanic production are the most toxic industrial waste and sources of heavy metals emitted into the environment. Galvanic sludge belongs to the third hazard class; these wastes need to be deposited in special landfills for toxic waste. These polygons are complex and require significant costs. In this regard, there is a need for such methods of purification of galvanic sewage sludge, which may be used in other industries or will have fourth class of hazard or below. This article compares the main methods of purification of galvanic waste waters in general and galvanic sludge in particular, currently introducing new techniques for treating industrial effluents. One of them considers treatment of galvanic waste water by means of suspensions of ferriferous hydrosol that is an electric generated coagulant derived from waste forming, steel wool, etc. There is a sort of experience already acquired in some countries how to use of ferropericlase.
Highlights
Galvanic sludge is currently considered as the most dangerous wastes, which are formed during purification of galvanic waste waters
The accumulation of toxic waste leads to the pollution of the biosphere due to leaching of heavy metals from the sludge and introducing them to the soil, surface water and groundwater
Galvanic sludge has a negative impact on the human body: are powerful stimulants and activators of cancer and cardiovascular diseases [1, 2]
Summary
Galvanic sludge is currently considered as the most dangerous wastes, which are formed during purification of galvanic waste waters. The slimes of galvanic production are the most toxic industrial waste and sources of heavy metals to the environment. The accumulation of toxic waste leads to the pollution of the biosphere due to leaching of heavy metals from the sludge and introducing them to the soil, surface water and groundwater. Disposal of sewage sludge and other waste products is the main section of regional programs for disposal of industrial waste. Galvanic coatings are used in many industries: machinery, metal industry, electrical equipment production. According to the Federal service of state statistics of Russia for 2014 there are more than 44 thousand metallurgical production and production of metal products, more than 42 thousand machinery and equipment enterprises, more than 35 thousand of enterprises manufacturing. Electrical and electronic, optical equipment, about 10 thousand of enterprises producing vehicles and equipment (as for 2013) [7,8]
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