Methodology of Selecting the Optimal Receptor to Create an Electrochemical Immunosensor for Equine Arteritis Virus Protein Detection

Mateusz Brodowski,Joanna Kreczko Kurzawa,Marta Sosnowska,Katarzyna Pałka,Sabina Żołędowska,Ewelina Bięga,Dawid Nidzworski,Tomasz Łęga,Marta Lisowska,Rafał Walkusz,Marcin Kowalski,Katarzyna Niedźwiedzka,Tomasz Lipiński,Małgorzata Biedulska,Justyna Roguszczak,Wioleta Białobrzeska,Joanna Wysocka

doi:10.3390/chemosensors9090265

Abstract

The study reports a methodology of selecting the optimal receptor to create an electrochemical immunosensor for equine arteritis virus (EAV) protein detection. The detection was based on antigen recognition by antibodies immobilized on gold electrodes. Modification steps were controlled by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry measurements. In order to obtain the impedance immunosensor with the best parameters, seven different receptors complementary to equine arteritis virus protein were used. In order to make the selection, a rapid screening test was carried out to check the sensor’s response to blank, extremely low and high concentrations of target EAV protein, and negative sample: M protein from Streptococcus equi and glycoprotein G from Equid alphaherpesvirus 1. F6 10G receptor showed the best performance.

Highlights

As shown by the events of the last three years, the issue of epidemic threats related to diseases caused by spreading human and animal pathogens is of the utmost importance
In addition to the previously discussed changes after incubation in 4-ATP, there is a clear decrease in the height of the current peaks from the oxidation and reduction in [Fe(CN)6 ]3−/4− by 0.5 uA and an increase in their separation by 0.04 mV after GA joins
To improve data analysis from the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), they were fitted to an equivalent electrical circuit (EEC), which is shown in Figure 2C, and the results are shown in Table 1 with the chi-square parameter interpreted as a goodness of fit

Summary

Introduction

As shown by the events of the last three years, the issue of epidemic threats related to diseases caused by spreading human and animal pathogens is of the utmost importance. In addition to vaccination and laboratory tests, there is an unfulfilled need for new on-site screening methods to reduce the transmission of dangerous pathogens. We present the concept of the EAV screening method [3]. Equine viral arteritis (EVA) is a disease caused by EAV, a small, enveloped RNA virus [3]. Infection can occur through inhalation, or in particular, by venereal route during equine breeding or artificial insemination (the virus is present, for example, in tears, sweat, urine, sperm, or nostril secretions)

Methods

Results

Conclusion