Abstract
Comparing and reproducing research results in 4D printing is challenging because researchers use different materials, printing parameters, and 3D printers. We propose a methodology aimed at helping to encounter this challenge. Thereby, we focus on fused deposition modelling (FDM) 4D printing with thermoplastic shape memory polymers (SMPs). SMPs are printed in a temporary shape and transform into a permanent shape under heat. Our methodology organises the influencing parameters in the 4D printing process. It provides a guide for four sections: Material Selection, Structure Design, Printing, and Activation. This allows to systematically identify further research topics.
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