Methodology for assessing the danger of erosion and formation of soil protection agro-landscapes

Abstract

Purpose. On the basis of an in-depth analysis of the erosion safety of the soil cover of Ukraine, to determine the theoretical and applied principles of the formation of an agrolandscape with guaranteed soil protection, mainly by engineering methods. Methods. System comparative analysis of erosion hazard. Mathematical modeling of erosion processes. Physical simulation of anti-corrosion protection. Results. The main causes of progressive soil erosion in Ukraine have been revealed. Classified distributed soil erosion by types and species. The main reason for the development of erosion processes and the imbalance of modern agricultural landscapes of Ukraine, which is excessive plowing of the territory and agricultural lands, has been revealed. Annual erosion losses from arable lands of Ukraine are indicated. The main degradation processes of the soil cover have been identified. The main problems in land use and land protection, which are not solved and become chronic, are formulated. Generalized negative ecological consequences of soil erosion of the chernozem habitus. It has been proven that arable land is the main element of the entropy of “chaos” in the landscape. Algorithms for the construction of soil protection agrolandscape are formulated. The ability to use the hydromechanical model has been proven Ts. E. Mirtskhulava, which we have moderated for the assessment of erosion danger in the formation of agricultural landscape structures mainly by engineering methods, for a certain probability of manifestation of erosion danger and individual factors of soil erosion. Conclusions 1. The soil cover of the Earth is degraded by almost 100%, the greatest “weight” among degradation processes is occupied by the processes of water (36%) and wind (28%) erosions. 2. One of the most significant destabilizing factors is arable land. When natural vegetation is destroyed, the soil is destroyed as a result of a sharp increase in the direct absorption of solar radiation. 3. A reliable method of protecting soils from erosion is an agrolandscape – an engineering structure (structure) that must be designed and built mainly by engineering methods on a calculated and quantitative basis, which requires the presence of appropriate mathematical models verified in every way, those processes that determined the stability and productivity of lands. The “zero” cycle is the basis of the construction of the agro-landscape is the anti-erosion protection system. 4. For the formation of anti-erosion protection in the agricultural landscape, a mathematical model of erosion is necessary as a calculation quantitative base, preference should be given to theoretical models that adequately and physically conditionally describe natural processes. Keywords: soil erosion and degradation, agricultural landscape, mathematical models of erosion, erosion hazard.