Methodology, Applications and Advancements of Car-T Cell Therapy in Malignancies

Abstract

Despite significant advancements in cancer therapy, traditional treatments like radiation, chemotherapy, and surgery often fall short, underscoring the need for innovative approaches like activated cell therapy. Chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T cells) represent a pioneering form of this therapy, targeting cancer with modified T lymphocytes. While CAR-T cell therapy has shown high effectiveness in hematological malignancies, its success in solid tumors has been limited due to challenges such as proliferation, stability, trafficking, and tumor environment navigation. Overcoming these hurdles is crucial for enhancing the therapy's efficacy against solid tumors. The success rate of CAR-T cell therapy can reach up to 90% in leukemia patients, illustrating its potential. However, its application is still nascent, with much to learn about its long-term effectiveness and safety. This study provides an in-depth review of CAR-T cell therapy’s accomplishments and limitations in cancer treatment and explores the potential of combining CAR-T cell therapy with other treatments.