Abstract
Nowadays, the technological infrastructure of power, heat/cooling and gas supply systems is normally built and managed separately by system and objective. New challenges of the time foreground the issues of establishing self-organizing interconnected energy systems with several types of energy carriers to ensure quality of energy services, and their considerable expansion to meet the increasing and permanently transformed requirements of consumers (level of comfort, technological innovations in production and household, increase in diversity and power of energy loads, radical changes in their properties, etc.). These systems represent integrated energy systems characterized by a multi-dimensional structure of functional features and properties of expansion. They combine a great number of components, intelligence, efficiency, reliability, controllability, flexible application of technologies for energy conversion, transportation, storage, and active consumer.
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