Методические подходы (гипотезы) к оценке пригодности сортов винограда к возделыванию в корнесобственной культуре

Abstract

Abstract. One of the ways to reduce the cost of grapes and intensify the industry is to preserve and expand the own-root culture of phylloxera-tolerant grape varieties. Currently, there are all the prerequisites for expanding the own-root grape culture – a number of varieties have been obtained that are resistant to phylloxera and root rot with good quality of grape berries and their processed products. To extend the life of plantings and increase their profitability, it is important to identify grape varieties for cultivation in ownroot culture. However, comparative pairwise studies of varieties in own-rooted and grafted culture are lengthy and costly. The purpose of the research is to search for criteria for the accelerated assessment of Vitis vinifera L. varieties for suitability for cultivation in own-root culture using the example of genotypes of the DBESV&VG breeding. The research was carried out at the experimental base and the Ampelographic Collection of DBESV&VG in 2017-2023. The object of research is model and fruit-bearing rooted and grafted plants of different grape varieties with different resistance to phylloxera, 47 seed varieties of the Ampelographic Collection of DBESV&VG, 16 varieties and hybrid forms of DBESV&VG breeding. It has been assumed and experimentally confirmed that the higher the seed productivity of a grape variety (high proportion (mass) of seeds in a bunch, low seed index of the berry), the higher the tolerance of the variety to root phylloxera. Grape varieties, the reaction of which is expressed in an increase in seed progeny (“mass of seeds in a bunch”) with hormonal regulation of the development of rooted plants, can be cultivated in a rooted culture against the background of phylloxera. Keywords: grapes, phylloxera, root culture, phylloxera tolerance, seed productivity, phylloxera resistance criteria, hormone regulation