Abstract
Hazardous rock refers to an unstable rock block that is cut by weak structural planes and gradually separates from the slope. Hazardous rock generally collapses rapidly, and at present, it is challenging to effectively identify the separation degree of the rock and accurately predict its sudden failure. In this study, focusing on a hazardous rock with tilt behavior, a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) acceleration sensor is used in combination with the calculation principle of the included angle of the space vector to establish a microtilt angle monitoring method. A physical model test is designed, in which a thermally sensitive material (with heat-sensitive strength) is adopted as the weak structural plane of the hazardous block, and the change in the tilt angle during the process of block instability is monitored at a sampling frequency of 1000 Hz. The test results show that the accelerated evolution of the tilt angle is a precursor to hazardous rock failure. In the rapid acceleration stage, the reciprocal of the tilt angle rate is approximately linear with time, and a correlation equation is obtained. Assuming that the change rate of the tilt angle is approximately infinite, the failure time of hazardous rock can be predicted using the correlation equation. In addition, the effectiveness of the instability prediction method based on microtilt angle monitoring is verified by analyzing the long-term monitoring data of hazardous rock.
Highlights
Hazardous rock refers to an unstable rock block that is cut by multiple sets of structural planes on a steep rock slope and gradually separates from the slope under the action of gravity, weathering agents, seepage pressure, and seismic force. e failure mode of hazardous rock involves sliding, toppling, and falling separation forms (Figure 1) [1]
Physical model tests were conducted to obtain the tilt angle history data of the process of block instability caused by the deterioration of the main control structural plane
Since the structural plane in the test was a homogeneous material, a linear relation existed between the reciprocal tilt angle rate and time in the acceleration stage
Summary
Hazardous rock refers to an unstable rock block that is cut by multiple sets of structural planes on a steep rock slope and gradually separates from the slope under the action of gravity, weathering agents, seepage pressure, and seismic force. e failure mode of hazardous rock involves sliding, toppling, and falling separation forms (Figure 1) [1]. The collapse of hazardous rock is a global mountain geological disaster that considerably threatens the safety of infrastructure, human life, and property. To reduce the disaster risks and losses, it is necessary to effectively prevent hazardous rock collapse events. Conducting regular and detailed investigations of the geological characteristics, structural features, and mechanical properties of hazardous rocks is highly labor and cost intensive. Erefore, the application of mechanical analysis or numerical simulation methods to the long-term monitoring of hazardous rock instabilities is challenging. The mechanical reinforcement of key engineering rock slopes through supporting measures is an effective prevention and control method [6, 7], certain limitations remain in the context of geological disaster applications. Due to the complex installation procedure and high cost of the reinforcement method, this approach is not suitable to realize widespread installation under hazardous rock
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