Method of Determining New Locations for Electric Vehicle Charging Stations Using GIS Tools

Abstract

The growing awareness of environmental issues, climate policies, and rapidly developing technologies is contributing to the increasing number of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) around the world. A key requirement for their widespread implementation is providing a charging infrastructure that allows users to operate these vehicles comfortably. Lack of access to charging stations can be a major barrier to the development of electromobility in a given area. Therefore, each additional charging infrastructure can support a change in the structure of the vehicle fleet. One of the key challenges facing this transformation is the selection of suitable locations for charging stations. It is necessary to ensure that they are uniformly distributed so that range anxiety for EV users is reduced and equal access to charging infrastructure is provided to all residents. One of the most important stakeholders in this market is local authorities. Therefore, the objective of this research was to develop a method of determining optimal locations for electric vehicle charging stations (EVCSs) from the perspective of local authorities that also takes into account equal access to the charging infrastructure for all residents, which seems to be a unique approach to this problem. We used commonly available spatial data as input to enable the method to be applied on a larger scale and over an urban area. We carried out our research using a case study: the city of Gliwice in Poland. The city area was divided into hexagonal basic fields, for which potentials for locations of new charging stations were calculated. The analysis was carried out using the geographic information system (GIS) QGIS (ver. 3.34).