Abstract
Hydrogen plays a key role in many industrial applications and is currently seen as one of the most promising energy vectors. Many efforts are being made to produce hydrogen with zero CO2 footprint via water electrolysis powered by renewable energies. Nevertheless, the use of fossil fuels is essential in the short term. The conventional coal gasification and steam methane reforming processes for hydrogen production are undesirable due to the huge CO2 emissions. A cleaner technology based on natural gas that has received special attention in recent years is methane pyrolysis. The thermal decomposition of methane gives rise to hydrogen and solid carbon, and thus, the release of greenhouse gases is prevented. Therefore, methane pyrolysis is a CO2-free technology that can serve as a bridge from fossil fuels to renewable energies.
Highlights
The establishment of a sustainable power system to meet the growing energy demand is one of our most critical current challenges
Hydrogen is essential for converting industrial CO2 emissions into platform chemicals such as methanol, which prevents CO2 from being released into the atmosphere
Most of the current global hydrogen production comes from coal gasification and steam methane reforming
Summary
The establishment of a sustainable power system to meet the growing energy demand is one of our most critical current challenges. Depending on the characteristics and price of the carbon product, its sale may improve the economics of the industrial methane pyrolysis process.[9,21,23−26] Here, the main problem is the absence of markets that can accommodate such large amounts of carbon, and new applications become necessary.[9,23] The use of carbon for soil amendment and environmental remediation may be the only alternative that would offer a huge market for the carbon resulting from methane pyrolysis.[27,28] further studies are needed to prove the suitability of the pyrolysis carbon for such an application.[27] On the other hand, if carbon is to be stored, the costs associated with solid carbon storage would be lower than the sequestration of CO2 derived from SMR.[29] Owing to the depletion of natural gas, the production of hydrogen via methane pyrolysis is not a sustainable process in the long term It may be a temporary solution and probably the most cost-effective bridging technology over the transition period toward
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