Abstract
This paper is focused on the application of concepts derived from metamaterials to the development of novel devices, circuits, and antennas of interest in wireless communications, radiofrequency identification (RFID), and sensors. Specifically, it is shown that artificial transmission lines based (or inspired) on metamaterials exhibit interesting properties, useful for the implementation of high-performance and compact devices as well as novel functional devices. Thanks to the presence of reactive loading elements in such artificial lines, the main line parameters, that is, the characteristic impedance and the phase constant, can be engineered. This has opened new paths for RF and microwave circuit and antenna design on the basis of impedance and dispersion engineering.
Highlights
With the beginning of the century and the millennium, a new research field appeared in the scene of Science and Technology: Metamaterials
The period is much smaller than the guided wavelength; the structure behaves as a homogeneous medium, exhibiting effective medium properties. Such properties can be controlled by properly engineering or structuring the material, and they can be substantially different than those of their constitutive “atoms.” For instance, it was experimentally demonstrated in [10] that a prism made of metallic strips and split ring resonators (SRRs) [11] etched on dielectrics slabs exhibits a negative refractive index in a certain frequency band
There are two main approaches for the implementation of metamaterial transmission lines: (i) the CL-loaded approach, where the host line is loaded with series capacitances and shunt inductances, and (ii) the resonant-type approach, where the line is loaded with electrically small resonators, such as SRRs or other related resonators, plus additional reactive elements
Summary
With the beginning of the century and the millennium, a new research field appeared in the scene of Science and Technology: Metamaterials. The period is much smaller than the guided wavelength; the structure behaves as a homogeneous (continuous) medium, exhibiting effective medium properties Such properties can be controlled by properly engineering or structuring the material, and they can be substantially different than those of their constitutive “atoms.” For instance, it was experimentally demonstrated in [10] that a prism made of metallic strips and split ring resonators (SRRs) [11] etched on dielectrics slabs exhibits a negative refractive index in a certain frequency band. Permittivity and permeability exhibit negative refraction, and backward waves, inverse Doppler Effect, backward Cerenkov radiation, and superresolution (many papers on this topic have been generated after the seminal paper by Pendry et al [20]) Such properties were already predicted by Veselago in 1968 [21], but it was not until the past decade, after the “big bang” of metamaterials in 2000, that such properties were experimentally demonstrated.
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