Abstract
A metamaterial-embedded planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) is proposed in this study for cellular phone applications. A dual-band PIFA is designed to operate both GSM 900 MHz and DCS 1800 MHz. The ground plane of a conventional PIFA is modified using a planar one-dimensional metamaterial array. The investigation is performed using the Finite Integration Technique (FIT) of CST Microwave Studio. The performance of the developed antenna was measured in an anechoic chamber. The specific absorption rate (SAR) values are calculated considering two different holding positions: cheek and tilt. The SAR values are measured using COMOSAR measurement system. Good agreement is observed between the simulated and measured data. The results indicate that the proposed metamaterial-embedded antenna produces significantly lower SAR in the human head compared to the conventional PIFA. Moreover, the modified antenna substrate leads to slight improvement of the antenna performances.
Highlights
Cellular phones represent an indispensable part of modern life
The biological effects of electromagnetic (EM) energy radiated from cell phone antennas have attracted interest in the research community, because such devices are used in close proximity to the human head [1]
The EM absorption in the human head from the radiated antenna on a mobile phone is measured in terms of the specific absorption rate (SAR), which is defined as the power absorbed by a unit mass of body tissue [4]
Summary
Cellular phones represent an indispensable part of modern life. The most essential component of a cell phone is the antenna, which transmits and receives electromagnetic waves. The biological effects of electromagnetic (EM) energy radiated from cell phone antennas have attracted interest in the research community, because such devices are used in close proximity to the human head [1]. The EM absorption in the human head from the radiated antenna on a mobile phone is measured in terms of the SAR, which is defined as the power absorbed by a unit mass of body tissue [4]. The authoritative body that regulates the dose metric of the safe SAR absorbed in a human is the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). This regulatory body issued the standard SAR limit of 2 W/kg over 10 g of body tissue [5]. Many research groups are going to bring down the SAR of the various portable devices
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