Abstract
The study of nanoparticles has grown in significance during the last several years. Nanoparticles are a kind of material that is composed of very tiny particles. Nanoparticle characteristics vary greatly depending on their size and form. The surface of a nanoparticle significantly affects its optical, mechanical, magnetic, and other characteristics. Nanoparticles are categorised according to their size, origin and chemical composition. We created nanoparticles using both top-down and bottom-up techniques. In this article, we discuss various different methods for creating nanomaterials, such as sol-gel processes, gas condensation, vacuum deposition and vaporisation, chemical vapour deposition and condensate, mechanical attrition, chemical precipitation, electrodeposition, and chemical vapour condensation. When it comes to creating nanoparticles, green synthesis is one of the most effective approaches. In this article, we explore eco-friendly techniques for manufacturing alloy nanoparticles, silver, gold, silver oxide and silver sulphide. We also explore the process by which microorganisms in this setting produce nanoparticles. Size and form must be maintained under certain conditions. We consider ways in which to enhance the production of nanoparticles in the future. The risks posed by nanoparticles and the ways in which to mitigate them were also taken into account.
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