Metal Material, Properties and Design Methods of Porous Biomedical Scaffolds for Additive Manufacturing: A Review.

Yuting Lv,Zhenbo Qin,Kegong Xie,Yujin Tang,Changgong Lan,Eryi Lu,Binghao Wang,Liqiang Wang,Jia Liu,Guohao Liu

doi:10.3389/fbioe.2021.641130

Abstract

Design an implant similar to the human bone is one of the critical problems in bone tissue engineering. Metal porous scaffolds have good prospects in bone tissue replacement due to their matching elastic modulus, better strength, and biocompatibility. However, traditional processing methods are challenging to fabricate scaffolds with a porous structure, limiting the development of porous scaffolds. With the advancement of additive manufacturing (AM) and computer-aided technologies, the development of porous metal scaffolds also ushers in unprecedented opportunities. In recent years, many new metal materials and innovative design methods are used to fabricate porous scaffolds with excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility. This article reviews the research progress of porous metal scaffolds, and introduces the AM technologies used in porous metal scaffolds. Then the applications of different metal materials in bone scaffolds are summarized, and the advantages and limitations of various scaffold design methods are discussed. Finally, we look forward to the development prospects of AM in porous metal scaffolds.

Highlights

Bone defects caused by pathologies such as fracture, bone tumor, or external trauma are among the main problems in clinical treatment (Moiduddin et al, 2017)
Zhang X.Y. et al (2020) proposed a new method that flexible control of structural parameters can be realized by changing the TPMS equation and found that those structure design parameters have obviously effects on the scaffold performance
Kou and Tan (2010) proposed a design method with controllable shape and distribution by using the twodimensional Voronoi diagram and they obtained irregular concave and convex polygons through the merging of Voronoi units

Summary

Introduction

Bone defects caused by pathologies such as fracture, bone tumor, or external trauma are among the main problems in clinical treatment (Moiduddin et al, 2017). Zhang X.Y. et al (2020) proposed a new method that flexible control of structural parameters can be realized by changing the TPMS equation and found that those structure design parameters have obviously effects on the scaffold performance. The internal structure of natural bone can be well simulated by irregular porous scaffolds based on the Voronoi tessellation principle.

Results

Conclusion