Abstract
An original multi-cooperative catalytic approach was developed by combining metal–ligand cooperation and Lewis acid activation. The [(SCS)Pd]2 complex featuring a non-innocent indenediide-based ligand was found to be a very efficient and versatile catalyst for the Conia-ene reaction, when associated with Mg(OTf)2. The reaction operates at low catalytic loadings under mild conditions with HFIP as a co-solvent. It works with a variety of substrates, including those bearing internal alkynes. It displays complete 5-exo vs. 6-endo regio-selectivity. In addition, except for the highly congested tBu-substituent, the reaction occurs with high Z vs. E stereo-selectivity, making it synthetically useful and complementary to known catalysts.
Highlights
Major breakthroughs have been made in homogeneous catalysis thanks to cooperative approaches.[1]
It works with a variety of substrates, including those bearing internal alkynes
While investigating the ability of the metal–ligand cooperativity (MLC) Pd indenediide complex to catalyze Conia-ene cyclizations, we discovered that it is extremely efficient and versatile when associated with a Lewis acid (LA)
Summary
Major breakthroughs have been made in homogeneous catalysis thanks to cooperative approaches.[1] Concomitant and synergistic participation of several active sites, as in enzymes, is very attractive to achieve chemical transformations under milder conditions and reduce wastes. The efficiency and selectivity of catalysts can be improved, but the diversity and complexity of the obtainable chemical compounds can be expanded. In this context, metal–ligand cooperativity (MLC) is clearly prominent.[2] Here, a ligand participates directly in substrate activation, in addition to modulating the stereoelectronic properties of the metal center. Extending the scope of transformations[5] and developing the MLC catalytic approach further are currently a major endeavor, along with the diversi cation of complexes displaying MLC
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