Abstract
The use of live biotherapeutic products (LBPs), including single strains of beneficial probiotic bacteria or consortiums, is gaining traction as a viable option to treat inflammatory-mediated diseases like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, LBPs’ persistence in the intestine is heterogeneous since many beneficial bacteria lack mechanisms to tolerate the inflammation and the oxidative stress associated with IBD. We rationalized that optimizing LBPs with enhanced colonization and persistence in the inflamed intestine would help beneficial bacteria increase their bioavailability and sustain their beneficial responses. Our lab developed two bioengineered LBPs (SBT001/BioPersist and SBT002/BioColoniz) modified to enhance colonization or persistence in the inflamed intestine. In this study, we examined colon-derived metabolites via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in colitic mice treated with either BioPersist or BioColoniz as compared to their unmodified parent strains (Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 [EcN] and Lactobacillus reuteri, respectively) or to each other. BioPersist administration resulted in lowered concentrations of inflammatory prostaglandins, decreased stress hormones such as adrenaline and corticosterone, increased serotonin, and decreased bile acid in comparison to EcN. In comparison to BioColoniz, BioPersist increased serotonin and antioxidant production, limited bile acid accumulation, and enhanced tissue restoration via activated purine and pyrimidine metabolism. These data generated several novel hypotheses for the beneficial roles that LBPs may play during colitis.
Highlights
The use of probiotics to induce health benefits has existed for decades, albeit with conflicting outcomes [1]
Parallel and to confirm the dose given to mice, 0.1 mL of the probiotics were plated on 100 × 15 mm agar plates of the corresponding medium and grown for 24 h at 37 ◦ C for Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) and BioPersist, and for 48 h at 37 ◦ C under anaerobic conditions for L. reuteri and BioColoniz
483 metabolites from the Biocyc database were found in the matching compound list referring to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database (Table 1)
Summary
The use of probiotics to induce health benefits has existed for decades, albeit with conflicting outcomes [1]. This is partly because probiotics colonize, persist, and induce responses in the host in highly individualized patterns, limiting their universality [2]. Unlike conventional drugs that often target one pathway or effector, the advantages of using “bugs as drugs” are that bacteria can elicit multiple beneficial effects via various pathways. This multi-targeted approach may be more desirable in biologically complex conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
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