Abstract
Ralstonia solanacearum is the pathogen responsible for wilting, yield losses, and death in tomato plants. The use of resistant cultivars has been proven as the most appropriate solution to controlling this pathogen. Therefore, further study of host-plant resistance mechanisms in tomatoes is urgently needed. 1H-NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopy combined with multivariate data analysis has been used to identify the biochemical compounds that play a crucial role in the defense mechanisms of tomato against bacterial wilt. Eleven metabolites consisting of amino acids, sugars and organic acids were identified and presented at different concentrations in each cultivar. Leucine and valine were determined as distinguishable metabolites of resistant and susceptible cultivars. Permata and Hawaii 7996 as resistant cultivars had a significant decrease of valine after inoculation about 1.5–2 times compared to the susceptible cultivar (GM2). Meanwhile, the resistant cultivars had a higher level of leucine, about 1.3–1.5 times compared to the susceptible ones. Synthesis of leucine and valine are linked as a member of the pyruvate family. Therefore, the decrease in valine may be related to the higher need for leucine to form the leucine-rich receptor, which plays a role in the plant’s immune system against the bacterial wilt.
Highlights
Bacterial wilt caused by the soil-borne pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum is responsible for the greatest economic losses in tomato production [1]
1H-NMR is the appropriate metabolomic study to reveal the biochemical compounds that associated to the defense mechanism in the tomato plants against R. solanacearum
This study identified that leucine, valine, and other metabolites which placed in the region of 5.02, δ 1.31, δ 5.06, δ 3.79, δ 1.35, δ 3.66, δ 1.62, δ 2.1, and δ 5.098 were alleged to differentiate between resistant and susceptible tomato against R. solanacearum
Summary
Bacterial wilt caused by the soil-borne pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum is responsible for the greatest economic losses in tomato production [1]. This bacterium has a wide host plants and causes severe yield losses in many crops, including tomato, eggplants, tobacco, potato, and other important crops [2]. R. solanacearum causes wilting, chlorosis, and death of tomato plants [4]. The resistance mechanism of tomato to bacterial wilt often involves biochemical defense mechanisms [7] This mechanism includes the production of various biochemical compounds that have a negative effect on R. solanacearum
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