Abstract
The study was aimed to develop a characterized polyherbal combination as an immunomodulator containing Phyllanthus emblica L., Piper nigrum L., Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal, and Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers. Through response surface methodology (RSM), the ratio of aqueous extracts of four plant materials was optimized and comprised 49.76% of P. emblica, 1.35% of P. nigrum, 5.41% of W. somnifera, and 43.43% of T. cordifolia for optimum immunomodulatory activity. The optimized combination showed antioxidant potential and contains more than 180 metabolites, out of which gallic acid, quercetin, ellagic acid, caffeic acid, kaempferitrin, and p-coumaric acid are some common and significant metabolites found in plant extracts and in polyherbal combination. Treatment with the polyherbal combination of different doses in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice significantly (p < 0.01) enhanced the subsets of immune cells such as natural killer (NK) cells (60%), B cells (18%), CD4 cells (14%), and CD8 cells (7%). The characterized polyherbal combination exhibited potent immunomodulatory activity, which can be further explored clinically for its therapeutic applicability.
Highlights
Herbs are in increasing demand in developed and developing countries for primary health care
The voucher specimens (P. emblica-BNPL/ JH/Ph.D/12/17/01, T. cordifolia-BNPL/JH/Ph.D/12/17/02, W. somnifera-BNPL/JH/Ph.D/12/17/03, and P. nigrum-BNPL/JH/ Ph.D/12/17/04) of each plant material have been deposited in the Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory (BNPL), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India, for future reference
The authenticated plant materials were extracted in three different solvents by overnight maceration followed by reflux
Summary
Herbs are in increasing demand in developed and developing countries for primary health care. It is known that herbs have been used in Immunomodulatory Activity of Polyherbal Combination traditional systems of medicine as an immunomodulator for a decade (Kumar et al, 2012; Nagoba and Davane, 2018). In the Indian traditional system of medicine, several food-grade plants have been used as immunomodulators, and most of them were proven individually for their immune-enhancing effect. Many herbs from the Indian system of medicine that modulate the immune system of the body were scientifically validated. Some herbs such as Phyllanthus emblica L. (family: Asteraceae) (Mohammed Al-Ezzy et al, 2018), and many more are the reported herbs exhibiting excellent immunomodulatory activity. Based on our preliminary study, we focused only on the first four plants, namely, P. emblica, P. nigrum, T. cordifolia, and W. somnifera
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