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Abstract
Kiwifruit (Actinidia eriantha) is a peculiar berry resource in China, and the maturation period is generally late. Fortunately, we found an early mature A. eriantha germplasm. In order to explore the formation mechanism of its early mature trait, we determined the main carbohydrate and endogenous hormone content of the fruit, and used off-target metabolomics and transcriptomics to identify key regulatory metabolites and genes. We found that early mature germplasm had faster starch conversion rate and higher sucrose, glucose, and fructose content when harvested, while with lower auxin (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), and zeatin (ZR) content. Through the non-targeted metabolome, 19 and 20 metabolites closely related to fruit maturity and early maturity were identified, respectively. At the same time, weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) showed that these metabolites were regulated by 73 and 99 genes, respectively, especially genes related to sugar metabolism were mostly. Based on above, the formation of early mature trait of A. eriantha was mainly due to the sucrose decomposition rate was reduced and the soluble solid content (SSC) accumulated at low levels of endogenous hormones, so as to reach the harvest standard earlier than the late mature germplasm. Finally, ten single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci were developed which can be used for the identification of early mature trait of A. eriantha.
Highlights
Kiwifruit (Actinidia eriantha) is a unique germplasm resource in China and widely distributed in the Yangtze River basin, the Yunnan–Guizhou plateau, and the Sichuan basin, at altitudes 200–2,000 m (Liao et al, 2021b)
The results showed that the IAA content of ‘Ganlv 2’ fruit was significantly lower than that of ‘Ganlv 1’ during the whole fruit development period, and Stream injury Stages in germination Leaf spreading Early flowering Flowering Terminal flowering Fruit maturing Leaf fall the peak value of IAA content of ‘Ganlv 2’ fruit was at S5, and that of ‘Ganlv 1’ fruit was at S6 (Figure 2M)
These results indicated that the metabolic pathways of starch and sugar and pigment involved in these indices were involved in the formation and regulation of the early mature trait of ‘Ganlv 2’
Summary
Kiwifruit (Actinidia eriantha) is a unique germplasm resource in China and widely distributed in the Yangtze River basin, the Yunnan–Guizhou plateau, and the Sichuan basin, at altitudes 200–2,000 m (Liao et al, 2021b). It is a novel berry with great potential for development. The resource investigation and research for many years showed that the mature period of wild A. eriantha was generally late, and the physiological mature period was concentrated from the end of October to early of November. It brought an opportunity to study the mechanism of early maturation in A. eriantha
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