Abstract
Blueberry belongs to the genus Vaccinium L. in the Ericaceae and is an economically important shrub that produces small berries that are rich in nutrients. There were differences in the appearance of blueberry leaves under different shade treatments. To explore the differences in metabolites in blueberry leaves under different shading treatments, nontargeted liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) metabonomic analysis was performed. Different shade intensities resulted in significant differences in the contents of metabolites. A total of 6879 known metabolites were detected, including 750 significantly differentially expressed metabolites, including mainly lipids and lipid-like molecules and phenylpropanoid and polyketide superclass members. Based on a Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, the flavone and flavonol biosynthesis pathways were the most significantly enriched. The results of this study provide a reference and scientific basis for the establishment of a high-quality and high-yield shaded blueberry cultivation system.
Highlights
Light, as an important ecological factor, affects the growth and development of plants.Light often acts on plants in the form of environmental signals, causing plants to undergo different physiological, morphogenetic and metabolic changes to adapt to different light environments [1,2,3]
The goal was to deeply understand the effects of different shading intensities on the metabolites of blueberry leaves to determine which appropriate shading intensity is conducive to the growth of blueberries and the accumulation of metabolites. To achieve this goal, (i) we identified all metabolites in blueberry leaves; (ii) the metabolic substances were classified, and the change trends of the main metabolic substances under different shading intensities were determined; and (iii) the differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) were identified across different shading treatments, and the main DEMs were enriched by a Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis
The results showed that the DEMs were enriched in 62 KEGG metabolic pathways, of which 41 pathways were found across all comparisons, and only 3 pathways existed in only one comparison (Figure 5a)
Summary
As an important ecological factor, affects the growth and development of plants.Light often acts on plants in the form of environmental signals, causing plants to undergo different physiological, morphogenetic and metabolic changes to adapt to different light environments [1,2,3]. Light conditions are often considered to be one of the environmental factors most closely related to plant development and secondary metabolism [4]. Shading is a commonly used technique to regulate light intensity and can reduce the photosynthetically active radiation of plants, affecting photosynthesis and photomorphogenesis [7,8,9]. Previous studies have pointed out that plants can adapt to changes in the light environment by increasing their specific leaf area, reducing leaf thickness, increasing photosynthetic pigment contents and increasing the absorption of mineral elements [10]. Due to the important role of plant secondary metabolites in improving plant stress resistance and coordinating the relationship with the environment, their synthesis and accumulation are more affected by environmental conditions than those of primary metabolites [12]
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