Abstract
Botrytis cinerea, which causes gray mold, is an important pathogen in four important economic crops, tomato, tobacco, cucumber and strawberry, in China and worldwide. Metabolic phenomics data on B. cinerea isolates from these four crops were characterized and compared for 950 phenotypes with a BIOLOG Phenotype MicroArray (PM). The results showed that the metabolic fingerprints of the four B. cinerea isolates were similar to each other with minimal differences. B. cinerea isolates all metabolized more than 17% of the tested carbon sources, 63% of the amino acid nitrogen substrates, 80% of the peptide nitrogen substrates, 93% of the phosphorus substrates, and 97% of the sulfur substrates. Carbon substrates of organic acids and carbohydrates, and nitrogen substrates of amino acids and peptides were the significant utilization patterns for B. cinerea. Each B. cinerea isolate contained 94 biosynthetic pathways. These isolates showed a large range of adaptabilities and were still able to metabolize substrates in the presence of the osmolytes, including up to 6% potassium chloride, 10% sodium chloride, 5% sodium sulfate, 6% sodium formate, 20% ethylene glycol, and 3% urea. These isolates all showed active metabolism in environments with pH values from 3.5 to 8.5 and exhibited decarboxylase activities. These characterizations provide a theoretical basis for the study of B. cinerea in biochemistry and metabolic phenomics and provide valuable clues to finding potential new ways to manage gray mold.
Highlights
Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea is a worldwide notorious disease affecting many important economic crops, such as tomato, cucumber, tobacco, strawberry, and lettuce (Coertze and Holz, 2002; Elmer and Michailides, 2007)
Pieces of tissue (10 mm × 10 mm) were cut from the margins of the lesions, disinfected in a 0.05% NaClO (w/v) solution for 2 min, rinsed in sterile water three times, dried with sterile filter paper, and placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA; 200 g L−1 potato boiled for half an hour and strained, 20 g L−1 glucose, 16 g L−1 agar) medium (Sun et al, 2010)
All four isolates were identified at the species level by the Biolog FF microplate
Summary
Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea is a worldwide notorious disease affecting many important economic crops, such as tomato, cucumber, tobacco, strawberry, and lettuce (Coertze and Holz, 2002; Elmer and Michailides, 2007). More than 200 plant species are infected by this disease each year throughout the world (Williamson et al, 2007). Leaves, flower petals, and berries could all be infected by B. cinerea. Due to the broad economic impact of gray mold, B. cinerea is recognized as the second most important fungal pathogen (Dean et al, 2012). In China, four important crops (tomato, cucumber, strawberry, and tobacco) are grown throughout the country, and the losses caused by B. cinerea are enormous each year for these four crops (Wang et al, 2016a)
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