Metabolic engineering of Candida tropicalis for efficient 1,2,4-butanetriol production

Abstract

1,2,4-Butanetriol serves as a precursor in the manufacture of diverse pharmaceuticals and the energetic plasticizer 1,2,4-butanetriol trinitrate. The study involved further modifications to an engineered Candida tropicalis strain, aimed at improving the production efficiency of 1,2,4-butanetriol. Faced with the issue of xylonate accumulation due to the low activity of heterologous xylonate dehydratase, we modulated iron metabolism at the transcriptional level to boost intracellular iron ion availability, thus enhancing the enzyme activity by 2.2-fold. Addressing the NADPH shortfall encountered during 1,2,4-butanetriol biosynthesis, we overexpressed pivotal genes in the NADPH regeneration pathway, achieving a 1,2,4-butanetriol yield of 3.2 g/L. The introduction of calcium carbonate to maintain pH balance led to an increased yield of 4 g/L, marking a 111% improvement over the baseline strain. Finally, the use of corncob hydrolysate as a substrate culminated in 1,2,4-butanetriol production of 3.42 g/L, thereby identifying a novel host for the conversion of corncob hydrolysate to 1,2,4-butanetriol.