Metabolic characterization and oil profile of sunflower cultivars cultivated with increasing nitrogen doses

Janiélio Gonçalves Da Rocha,Elvia Mariam Lis Martinez Stark,Luiziene Soares Alves,André Marques Dos Santos,Sonia Regina De Souza,Orlando Carlos Huertas Tavares,Manlio Silvestre Fernandes

doi:10.14393/bj-v36n0a2020-47816

Janiélio Gonçalves Da Rocha, Elvia Mariam Lis Martinez Stark + Show 5 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.14393/bj-v36n0a2020-47816

Copy DOI

Abstract

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) has great economic importance due to its oil yield and quality. Among the factors influencing these parameters, nitrogen fertilization stands out. In this study we evaluated the effect of different N-urea doses (0,10,30,50,90,130 kg N-urea ha-1) at planting and 30 days after emergency on soluble fractions, oil profile and yield of three sunflower cultivars (BRS324, Catissol 01and Neon). Plants were harvested at the flowering stage for metabolic study, and at the end of the cycle for oil extraction and characterization. The Catissol 01 genotype presented the highest N-NO3- accumulation capacity, mainly in the stem. The Neon genotype presented the highest achene production at 30 and 50 kg N ha-1. Oleic oil had the highest yield, with the Catissol 01 and Neon cultivar standing out. Among the cultivars, Catissol 01 is economically more suitable for biofuel production, when cultivated at 50 kg N ha-1 since higher N doses did not result in increased oil yield.

Highlights

Nitrogen (N), besides being a limiting factor for plant growth, has been related to production o achenes and oil in sunflower species
Sunflower oil is rich in unsaturated fatty acids, with linoleic acid being the most abundant (60%) (MATT et al, 2001)
This study evaluated the effect of increasing N doses on oil quality and yield of three sunflower cultivars, as well as the influence on metabolism and soluble fractions (N-NO3, N-NH4+, soluble N-amino and soluble sugars)

Summary

Introduction

Nitrogen (N), besides being a limiting factor for plant growth, has been related to production o achenes and oil in sunflower species. Depending on the evaluated genotype, Zagonel and Mundstock (1991) found that oil content decreased when N levels increased (120 kg ha-1). Rasool, Hassan and Jahangir (2013) reported grain and oil production increases related to high N doses, but oil content in the grains decreased. Sunflower oil has high quality for human consumption and use as biodiesel feedstock (LAZZAROTTO; ROESSING; MELLO, 2005). Demand for vegetable oils has been growing due to search for renewable energy alternatives. In this context, sunflower is a viable alternative for producing good quality oil on a large scale (ZOBIOLE et al, 2010)

Methods

Results

Conclusion