Meta-Analysis: Effects of Obesity and Family History of Diabetes Mellitus on the Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus is a serious complication of pregnancy, this is due to impaired carbohydrate tolerance which results in increased blood sugar levels and was first noticed during pregnancy. Gestational dia­betes mellitus is a global problem in terms of its incidence and impact. Studies suggest that obe­sity and a family history of diabetes mellitus are important risk factors for diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to analyze the influ­ence of obesity and family history of diabetes mellitus on the incidence of dia­betes mellitus by meta-analysis. Subjects and Method: This was a systematic review and meta-analysis carried out by follow­ing the PRISMA flow diagram. The electronic database for article searches is as follows: Pub­Med, Science Direct, Springer Link, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The search for articles was carried out on articles published from 2010 to 2020. The keywords used were gestational dia­betes mellitus AND gestational dia­betes mellitus AND family history. The inclu­sion criteria were full text articles, used Eng­lish, cross-sectional study design, and results reported in adjusted odds ratio (aOR). P= Preg­nant mother. I= Obesity and family history of diabetes mellitus. C= No obesity and no family history of diabetes mellitus. O= dia­betes mellitus. Articles that meet the require­ments are analyzed using the Revman 5.3. Results: Nine articles were reviewed in this study with a total of 11,657 subjects. The results of the meta-analysis showed that obesity incre­ased the risk of diabetes mellitus 1.81 times compared with non-obese (aOR= 1.81; 95% CI= 1.53 to 2.15; p <0.001). Having a family history of diabetes mellitus increased the risk of diabetes mellitus 2.08 times compared with those without a family history of diabetes mellitus (aOR= 2.08; 95% CI= 1.34 to 3.22; p <0.001). Conclusion: Obesity and a family history of diabetes mellitus increase the risk of gesta­tional diabetes mellitus. Keyword s : obesity, family history of diabetes mellitus, diabetes mellitus Correspondence: Galuh Sitorukmi. Masters Program in Public Health. Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl.Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: galuh.sitorukmi1210@gmail.com. Mobile: 085­799333013. Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2021), 06(01): 1-13 https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2021.06.01.01.