Abstract
β-Tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) is widely used, along with bone-derived growth factor, due to its poor osteogenic ability. Mesoporous silica (MPS)-coated β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) granules were prepared to improve protein loading capability, and in vitro evaluations of this material were carried out. β-TCP powder containing 2 wt% Al2O3 and 6 wt% SiO2 was prepared via mechanochemical synthesis. A sodium alginate solution containing β-TCP powder was transferred into a calcium chloride solution, and the obtained spherical beads were heated at 1100 to 1300°C to produce TCP granules. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) profile of the β-TCP granules containing 2 wt% Al2O3 and 6 wt% SiO2 was identical to that of the single β-TCP phase when heated to 1300°C. The compressive strengths of the TCP granules prepared using alginate were remarkably improved compared with those of TCP granules prepared using a pan-type granulator. A silica interlayer was formed on the β-TCP granules containing 2 wt% Al2O3 and 6 wt% SiO2 via magnetron sputtering prior to the coating of the MPS. MPS coatings on β-TCP granules containing 2 wt% Al2O3 and 6 wt% SiO2 was carried out by a dip-coating method after silica interlayer coatings, and the β-TCP granules containing 2 wt% Al2O3 and 6 wt% SiO2 were covered by the MPS particles. A silica interlayer may offer bonding between the β-TCP granules and MPS coating. The Alamar blue assay of the MPS-coated TCP granules exhibited excellent cell viability as well as a high protein-adsorption capacity.
Highlights
Introduction β-Tricalcium phosphate (Ca3(PO4)2 and β-TCP) ceramic material is regarded as an ideal material for bone substitution in the body [1, 2], since the biodegradable characteristics of β-TCP enhance bone ingrowth into implants. β-TCP ceramic materials have been used along with bone-derived growth factors for the regulation of bone formation, due to its poor osteogenic ability
The X-ray diffraction (XRD) profile of the TCP-AlSi-A granules prepared at a Ca/P ratio of 1.45 was identical to that of the β-TCP phase without any by-products such as aluminum oxide, silicon oxide and aluminum phosphate; that of the TCP-AlSi-A granules prepared at a Ca/P ratio of 1.5 exhibited additional peaks that correspond to the peaks of the HAp phase
TCP-AlSi powder was added to a calcium chloride solution to obtain TCP-AlSi-A granules; the additional calcium content may react with β-TCP, resulting in the formation of a HAp phase during heat treatment [10]
Summary
Introduction βTricalcium phosphate (Ca3(PO4) and β-TCP) ceramic material is regarded as an ideal material for bone substitution in the body [1, 2], since the biodegradable characteristics of β-TCP enhance bone ingrowth into implants. β-TCP ceramic materials have been used along with bone-derived growth factors for the regulation of bone formation, due to its poor osteogenic ability. Β-TCP ceramic materials have been used along with bone-derived growth factors for the regulation of bone formation, due to its poor osteogenic ability. We previously reported upon MPS coatings on hydroxyapatite (HAp) dense sintered body achieved by the dip-coating method [5] and by the vapor-phase coating method [6]. The coating of MPS on HAp granules was not successful, while it was achieved when a silica layer was formed on the HAp granules prior to the MPS coating [7]. The use of a silica layer as an interlayer between HAp granules and MPS coatings may prevent reactions from occurring on the HAp granules, resulting in the formation of an MPS film by the hydrolysis
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