Abstract

 
 
 
 A brief survey on the synthesis of several types of mesoporous silica nanoparticles and their uses as drug delivery nanocarriers is presented in this study. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have a small pore size, resulting in a large surface area and porosity. These characteristics are easily adjustable, conferring on MSNs advantages over other nanoparticles for use in medicine and pharmacy. Previous and latest trends in the technology of this type of nanoparticles, and the possibilities for their application in drug loading are considered, as well as methods for increasing drug loading capacity, functionalization and release of bioactive substances. It has been found that the method used for the synthesis of some types of MSNs results in better drug loading. The functionalization of nanoparticles not only allows for more successful loading of bioactive substances in its pores, it also successfully controls drug release. Moreover, these versatile nanoparticles enhance the solubility of poorly-soluble drugs, thereby overcoming one of the biggest problems in the absorption of these drugs.
 
 
 
Highlights
In recent years, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have been extensively studied as nanocarriers for delivering bioactive substances due to their attractive physicochemical properties [1,2]
The MSNs can be used to develop systems for controlled drug delivery which ensures the sustained release of drugs by maintaining their therapeutic concentrations at the target areas for an extended period, leading to reduction in frequencies of doses and the possibility of side effects [3,4]
These systems can solve the problem of poor aqueous solubility of drugs by loading them into the mesoporous silica nanoparticle pores
Summary
Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have been extensively studied as nanocarriers for delivering bioactive substances due to their attractive physicochemical properties [1,2]. The team of Hyeon worked with nanosized silica as a template for obtaining hollow nanoparticles Their method, after a thermal regime, allows silica layer elimination and variation in structure and morphology of the resultant particles. In parallel with the preparation of mesoporous silica particles, the bioactive substance could be successfully loaded This combined method has the advantage of excluding the use of organic solvents. It still depends on the interaction between silanol or other groups of silica walls and functional groups in the bioactive substance, and the type of surfactant used. The functional groups grafted on the silica surface interact with the drug molecules through ionic, electrostatic connections, or esterification, and in this manner, they effectively control the drug release or drug retention into pores of MSNs during loading process [44]. It can be used as a polymeric coating for different types of MSNs [3,55,56,57]
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