Abstract
Mesenteric venous thrombosis (MVT) is a rare but potentially lethal form of mesenteric ischemia. MVT is a difficult condition to diagnose within the spectrum of patients presenting with acute or subacute abdominal pain. The nonspecific symptoms, low incidence, and lack of awareness among clinicians are some of the causes for this. The etiology of this disease results from a heterogeneous group of underlying pathologic disorders and risk factors that make this disease challenging to diagnose and treat. This review discusses the etiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes of MVT. Tables outline conditions associated with secondary MVT, distinctions between acute MVT and acute mesenteric arterial occlusion, radiologic findings associated with acute MVT, and risk factors for mortality associated with acute MVT. Figures show acute MVT, transmural and nontransmural bowel ischemia, transhepatic access and venography, venography of the superior mesenteric and portal veins, and bowel appearance at abdominal exploration of a patient with acute MVT. This review contains 6 figures, 4 tables, and 58 references.
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