Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells or mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells exhibiting functional properties that have opened the way for cell-based clinical therapies. MSCs have been reported to exhibit immunosuppressive as well as healing properties, improving angiogenesis and preventing apoptosis or fibrosis through the secretion of paracrine mediators. This review summarizes recent progress on the clinical application of stem cells therapy in some inflammatory and degenerative rheumatic diseases. To date, most of the available data have been obtained in preclinical models and clinical efficacy needs to be evaluated through controlled randomized double-blind trials.
Highlights
Mesenchymal stem cells, or stromal cells (MSCs) are progenitor cells mainly isolated from adult bone marrow (BM), and adipose tissue
MSCs are currently being studied for tissue engineering applications, including bone and cartilage repair because of their potential to differentiate into different lineages such as chondrocytes, osteoblasts or adipocytes [3]
It has been reported that a single injection of primary murine MSCs prevents the onset of arthritis, which was associated with a decrease in serum pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased the expression of a regulator phenotype (Treg) [35,36]
Summary
Mesenchymal stem cells, or stromal cells (MSCs) are progenitor cells mainly isolated from adult bone marrow (BM), and adipose tissue. The last two localizations allow easier collection and an extension of their use They have several functions: Synthesis of extracellular matrix, immune tolerance, development, inflammation and fibrosis. Each of their properties seems to have promising future therapeutic applications in various diseases (see Figure 1). MSCs are currently being studied for tissue engineering applications, including bone and cartilage repair because of their potential to differentiate into different lineages such as chondrocytes, osteoblasts or adipocytes [3]. These cells have been shown to have immunosuppressive and healing capacities, to improve angiogenesis and prevent fibrosis
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