Abstract
ABSTRACT Tissue engineering is a contemporary field of science, which aims to create conditions based on principles of cell and molecular biology, bioengineering and biomaterials to regenerate tissues. Mesenchymal stem cells present high proliferation rates and are able to differentiate into multilineages under certain conditions, suggesting that they have great potential to act in regeneration field. Tooth derived stem cells are a suitable alternative source of mesenchymal cells once they are easily accessible and have poor morbidity to the donor. Studies showed that they have been isolated and characterized from diverse tissues such as dental pulp, exfoliated deciduous teeth, periodontal ligament, gingiva, dental follicle and apical papilla. However studies show that there is heterogeneity among these populations and there is no standard method to select the most appropriate tooth derived stem cells for regenerative procedures. The aim of this review is to present the current perspective of the multiple types of tooth-derived stem cells and to discuss the basis for their use in periodontal tissue engineering.
Highlights
Tissue engineering is an emerging field, which aims to guide formation, repair, and vascularization of organs by using biological and physical principals
Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) SHEDs are progenitor cells first isolated in 2003, from the remnant pulp of exfoliated deciduous teeth[13]. They showed a higher proliferative rate, when compared to bone marrows stem cells (BMSCs) and DPSCs13,15, and a higher capability to differentiate in osteoblast and adipocyte-like cells when compared to Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSCs) in vitro[15]
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) presents important characteristics such as high proliferation rates and ability to differentiate into multilineages, they have a great potential into tissue engineering field
Summary
Tissue engineering is an emerging field, which aims to guide formation, repair, and vascularization of organs by using biological and physical principals. Therapy proposed a minimal criteria to define mesenchymal stem cells phenotype, which include be plastic adherent in standard cutures, expression of CD 105, CD 73 and CD 90 but not CD45, CD34, CD14 or CD11b, CD79a or CD19; major histocompatibility complex class II surface molecules and the potential to differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes and chondroblasts. They must present fibroblast-like spindle shape in culture[7].
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