Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Inflammation and Tumor Microenvironment Niche

Abstract

This chapter, entitled “Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Inflammation and Tumor Microenvironment Niche” explores the pivotal role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in regulating immune responses, inflammation, and tumor progression. MSCs, a type of fibroblast progenitor cells, possess multi-lineage differentiation and self-renewal capabilities. They can be found in different tissues throughout the body and are characterized by the expression of specific markers. In the context of inflammation, MSCs exhibit immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. They play a crucial role in regulating inflammatory responses and maintaining immune homeostasis by contacting or indirectly interacting with other immune cells. MSCs have shown promise in the treatment of inflammatory disorders such as asthma and allergy, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and even modulating the cytokine release syndrome in infectious diseases such as COVID-19. With their ability to modulate immune cells and secrete immunosuppressive factors, MSCs can effectively control excessive inflammation and promote tissue repair and regeneration. Furthermore, MSCs play a significant role in the tumor microenvironment. Their interactions with tumor cells and components of the tumor microenvironment have diverse effects on cancer development and progression. These interactions can promote angiogenesis and modulate the immune response to enhance cancer invasion and metastasis. Understanding the mechanisms behind the cross-talk between tumor cells and MSCs has gained attention in cancer research because these mechanisms can be targeted as anti-cancer therapeutic approaches. The tumor-homing feature of MSCs has been utilized for targeted drug delivery and gene therapy in preclinical and clinical settings. Additionally, MSCs hold potential in personalized medicine approaches, offering advancements in cell therapy, tissue regeneration, and drug testing. In summary, understanding the role of MSCs in inflammation and the tumor microenvironment niche opens doors to advancements in tumor biology, personalized medicine, and therapeutic strategies. By harnessing the immunomodulatory and regenerative capabilities of MSCs, novel treatment approaches can be developed for inflammatory disorders and cancer. Continued research in the field of MSC biology will uncover new aspects and expand the therapeutic potential of these remarkable cells.