Abstract
Retinal degenerations are the main causes of irreversible blindness in developed countries. Up to date the main pathological mechanisms of these diseases are not fully understood and consequently there is no complete treatment option for those diseases. In this aspect stem cells have drawn attention of many researchers and health care professionals. Considering ethical issues, safety and facile isolation Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) are more preferable for practical use. They have been used for several preclinical and clinical trials. In general the results were promising, however broader practical use should be preceded by resolving many problems and questions. In this review we will describe mesenchymal stem cells, especially those derived from Bone-Marrow (BMSC), their main features, privilege, mechanisms of action and their potential use for the treatment of retinal degenerations. We will also discuss the results of several pre-clinical and clinical trials.
Highlights
Retinal degenerations, which are mainly due to the genetic defects, diabetes, aging and environmental factors, are the main causes of irreversible blindness in developed countries
In contrast to Embryonic Stem Cells (ESC) and induced Pluripotent Stem cell (iPS), Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) are more suitable for stem cell therapy,because of facile isolation and invitroculture,prolonged self-renewal ability, autotrasplantation, low risk of tumor formation (Caplan, 2009) and a lack of ethical issues
MSC derived from adipose tissue, umbilical cord, amniotic fluid and bone-marrow showed generally similar characteristics, so cells for transplantations can be obtained from medical wastes (liposuction, placenta, Umbilical Cord (UC), amniotic fluid after delivery) and used safely for allotransplantations (Oh et al, 2011; Tejaswi et al, 2013; Ribeiro et al, 2013)
Summary
Retinal degenerations, which are mainly due to the genetic defects, diabetes, aging and environmental factors, are the main causes of irreversible blindness in developed countries. In 1961 the hematopoietic stem cells were isolated from bone marrow and since are used in clinical practice for hematologic diseases.
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