Mesenchymal cells: Update on mechanisms of action and their relationship with autoimmune diseases.

Abstract

"Mesenchymal cells (MSCs) are a type of multipotent progenitor cells that have the ability to differentiate into mesodermal layer cells and can modulate multiple types of immune cells. Objective: Analyze the functions of mesenchymal cells, their mechanisms of action at the cellular level as immunomodulatory therapy for multiple autoimmune diseases and the adverse effects in each of these. Methods: A bibliographical review of review articles, meta-analyses, retrospective studies, field studies in humans, experimental studies in mice and controlled clinical trials was carried out, in which the effect of therapy with mesenchymal cells in humans is described. The following online scientific databases were used: PubMed y SciELO, between the years 2016- 202. Results: The therapeutic potential of MSCs has been widely studied finding compromising benefits to treat autoimmune diseases; their use is safe in this type of diseases, and they have a minimal risk of rejection; few studies mention the appearance of mild adverse effects, this being an important advance in the practical clinical field of Medicine of the XXI century. Conclusion: MSCs as a possible therapeutic method are of wide importance in the medical field, since they have multiple mechanisms of cell regeneration in various types of tissues; it is also stated that their use is safe in the vast majority of patients, and they carry a minimal risk of rejection."