Mercury induced phytotoxicity and oxidative stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants.

Abstract

The phytotoxicity and oxidative damage in response to different concentrations of Hg (0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10 and 25μM) were evaluated in wheat plants. The root and shoot growth, content of chlorophyll and total soluble protein declined at 10 and 25μM Hg. Roots of the plant were more affected as compared to the shoot. The malondialdehyde (MDA) quantity enhanced in the roots of wheat plants treated with 10 and 25μM Hg and in the leaves of plants treated with 25μM Hg. The concentration of H2O2 decreased at low concentration and increased at high concentration of Hg. The induction of enzymatic antioxidants (catalase, CAT; ascorbate peroxidase, APX; peroxidase, POX and superoxide dismutase, SOD) was found in the roots and leaves of plants with increased concentration of Hg up to 10μM and low activities of these enzymes were observed at 25μM Hg. Also, the level of K, Ca and Mg declined in leaf tissues of Hg treated plants. Thus wheat plants exposed to lower concentrations of Hg did not experience any oxidative stress. However, on treatment with 10μM Hg, the roots and leaves responded differently. Both the leaves and roots of plants treated with higher concentration of Hg were subjected to comparatively greater oxidative damage and demonstrated that the antioxidative components were not able to remove the stress due to higher concentration of Hg and thus might affect the productivity in wheat plants.