Abstract
In this review, the recent achievements on the use of membrane technologies in catalytic carbonylation reactions are described. The review starts with a general introduction on the use and function of membranes in assisting catalytic chemical reactions with a particular emphasis on the most widespread applications including esterification, oxidation and hydrogenation reactions. An independent paragraph will be then devoted to the state of the art of membranes in carbonylation reactions for the synthesis of dimethyl carbonate (DMC). Finally, the application of a specific membrane process, such as pervaporation, for the separation/purification of products deriving from carbonylation reactions will be presented.
Highlights
In this review, the recent achievements on the use of membrane technologies in catalytic carbonylation reactions are described
Membranes act as selective barriers able to discriminate the permeation of target molecules while retaining others for achieving the separation [1]
Many efforts have been devoted to the development of more and more reliable and efficient membranes to be used for improving the yield and the efficiency of catalytic reactions
Summary
Membranes technology is widely used in a broad range of applications. Based on their structure and function, they may operate in several processes, which include separation, purification, concentration and fractionation. Regarding the segregation function (Figure 1c) the membrane can separate the products from the reactants, can retain the catalyst in the reaction medium and can control the addition of one or more reactants. AsHowever, supporting material, In all the cases above reported the and membrane always function has a separation in particular the membrane can used for thethe physical immobilization or the chemical anchoring of a catalyst on applications, such asbe contactor. The catalyst was directly embedded in a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix used as coating material for the Pervap100 membrane Both membranes (Pervap 1000 and Pervap 1000 + PVA + catalyst) displayed a hydrophilic character, which made them ideal for the removal of water produced during the esterification reaction. At the following operating conditions: Temperature of 30 ◦ C, molar ratio of ethanol: Carboxylic acid of 5:1 and an internal membrane pore surface of 252,450 cm , the maximum conversion rate of 99.7% was obtained
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