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Abstract
In PNAS, Renault et al. (1) describe an advance that will help reveal the atomic details of membrane proteins in living cells. Membrane proteins comprise one-third of all cellular proteins, including biologically crucial molecules such as ion channels, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), and transporters. The GPCR superfamily alone comprises nearly half of our current drug targets. Despite their importance and prevalence, relatively few membrane protein structures are known. Of the more than 20,000 unique high-resolution protein structures in the Protein Data Bank (www.pdb.org) (2), less than 0.5% are membrane proteins. The paucity of membrane protein structures reflects difficulties in preparing sufficient quantities of protein for structural studies as well as technical challenges faced by both X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy.
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