Megaconial congenital muscular dystrophy due to CHKB gene variants, the first report of thirteen Iranian patients

Abstract

Megaconial congenital muscular dystrophy (OMIM: 602,541) related to CHKB gene mutation is a newly defined rare autosomal recessive disorder, with multisystem involvement presenting from the neonatal period to adolescence. Choline kinase beta, lipid transport enzyme, catalyzes the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, two major components of the mitochondrial membrane, on which respiratory enzyme activities are dependent. CHKB gene variants lead to loss-of-function of choline kinase b and lipid metabolism defects and mitochondrial structural changes. To date, many megaconial congenital muscular dystrophy cases due to CHKB gene variants have been reported worldwide. We describe thirteen Iranian megaconial congenital muscular dystrophy cases related to CHKB gene variants, including clinical presentations, laboratory and muscle biopsy findings, and novel CHKB gene variants. The most common symptoms and signs included intellectual disability, delayed gross-motor developmental milestones, language skills problems, muscle weakness, as well as autistic features, and behavioral problems. Muscle biopsy examination showed the striking finding of peripheral arrangements of large mitochondria in muscle fibers and central sarcoplasmic areas devoid of mitochondria. Eleven different CHKB gene variants including six novel variants were found in our patients. Despite the rarity of this disorder, recognition of the multisystem clinical presentations combined with characteristic findings of muscle histology can properly guide to genetic evaluation of CHKB gene.