Abstract
Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by a persistent rise in the blood glucose level resulting from defects in cellular insulin function, secretion, or both, which affects millions of people every year. Several drawbacks have been stated with the use of marketed antidiabetic medicines such as drug resistance, adverse effects, toxicities, and even costs. Due to these several limitations, searching for novel antidiabetic medicines from medicinal plants (MPs) is becoming an active area of research. Therefore, MPs are exemplary sources of medicines with many accessible agents being obtained from them because numerous active constituents are isolated from them for direct use as pharmacological medicines or act as lead compounds. This paper was aimed to synthesize a concluding remark using in vitro and in vivo evaluations of extracts and fractions for antidiabetic potentials in Ethiopia, which can be used to direct future clinical trials and related investigations. Method So as to get data on the different investigations, publications related to experimental evaluations on animal diabetic models in Ethiopia were searched from databases, such as Google Scholar, Web of Science, Medline, PubMed, and Scopus using English key terms. Results In this paper, about 37 research findings based on data from various areas of Ethiopia published until the end of November 2020 were included. A total of 37 MP species extracts and fractions belonging to 19 families have been revealed in vitro or in vivo for potential antidiabetic activities. Crude extracts were carried out mostly by hydromethanolic whereas fractions were done mostly by chloroform. Leaves were the most commonly experimentally investigated plant part. Among the MP species experimentally studied, the most frequently used to treat DM in Ethiopia were Thymus schimperi Ronniger (Lamiaceae), Moringa stenopetala (Baker f.; Moringaceae), Ajuga remota Benth (Lamiaceae), and Datura stramonium Linn. (Solanaceae). Conclusion This paper gives aggregate evidences on the potential antidiabetic activities of MPs in Ethiopia. Antidiabetic MPs used in Ethiopia represent crucial input for the future development of novel antidiabetic drugs. To this end, more pharmacological and toxicological investigations need to be considered to prove the safety of constituents obtained from these MPs. Finally, we recommend upcoming research to ensure future success in the clinical study and development of novel medicines for DM treatment from these frequently evaluated MPs.
Highlights
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by a persistent rise in blood glucose level (BGL) caused by ineffective insulin function, secretion, or both on target tissues [1,2,3]
Chronic hyperglycemia is associated with lifelong microvascular and macrovascular complexities, which are the typical features in all forms of DM. ese complications result in damage and death of various organs that are diagnosed very late or have inappropriate medical follow-up [4,5,6]
In 2019, the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) estimates that 463 million (9.3%) adults aged 20–79 worldwide are currently living with diabetes. e total number is predicted to rise to 578.4 million (10.2%) by 2030 and 700.2 million (10.9%) by 2045 [10] with the highest increment in regions where economies are moving from low- to middle-income status without sufficient action to address the pandemic [1, 7, 10,11,12]. e number of deaths resulting from diabetes and its complications in 2019 is estimated to be 4.2 million [10]
Summary
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by a persistent rise in blood glucose level (BGL) caused by ineffective insulin function, secretion, or both on target tissues [1,2,3]. Several drawbacks have been stated with the use of marketed antidiabetic medicines such as drug resistance, adverse effects, toxicities, and even costs Due to these several limitations, searching for novel antidiabetic medicines from medicinal plants (MPs) is becoming an active area of research. Is paper was aimed to synthesize a concluding remark using in vitro and in vivo evaluations of extracts and fractions for antidiabetic potentials in Ethiopia, which can be used to direct future clinical trials and related investigations. Antidiabetic MPs used in Ethiopia represent crucial input for the future development of novel antidiabetic drugs To this end, more pharmacological and toxicological investigations need to be considered to prove the safety of constituents obtained from these MPs. we recommend upcoming research to ensure future success in the clinical study and development of novel medicines for DM treatment from these frequently evaluated MPs
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