MEDICAL AND RADIOBIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF RADIATION COMDPLICATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH ONCOGINECOLOGICAL PROFILE

Abstract

Summary. Aim: to analyze the literature regarding the causes of the occurrence and features of distant complications of radiation therapy of cancer patients; investigation of the frequency and spectrum of spontaneous aberrations of chromosomes in the lymphocytes of peripheral blood of patients with oncogynecological profile (body cancer and cervix) before the onset of radiation therapy. Object and methods: peripheral blood lymphocyte test system with metaphase analysis of chromosome aberrations of 32 primary of cancer patients (follow-up group) and 30 conditionally healthy donors (comparison group). The examination of patients was performed before the onset of radiation therapy. Results: based on the analysis of literature data, the path to a personalized approach to the planning of radiation therapy for patients with oncogyne5 cological profile, the treatment of which is complicated by radiation lesions from the organs and tissues of the pelvis. The clinical and radiobiological aspects of the formation of radiation complications are considered in detail, the search for genetic indicators for the detection of patients with a high risk of developing radiation complications is justified. The results of cytogenetic examinations of patients with endometrial cancer and cervical cancer are close and indicate a 6-fold increase in the frequency of spontaneous chromosome aberrations compared to the population rate. In the spectrum of chromosomal restructures, complex restructures are recorded, which is uncharacteristic of the spontaneous level of aberration in healthy donors, as well as increased levels of chromatide type aberrations. Conclusions: the increased level of spontaneous chromosomal aberrations in T-lymphocytes of primary oncogynecological patients and the predominance of chromatid-type aberrations in the spectrum of registered chromosomal rearrangements indicate that genetic instability is formed in healthy cells before the start of radiation therapy, which predicts the risk of distant radiation complications, including the occurrence of secondary tumors radiation genesis. The examination of patients with the use of cytogenetic test will provide the most reasonable conclusion about the individual radio sensitivity of the patient to the onset of radiation therapy and will contribute to increasing its effectiveness, as well as improving the quality of life.