Abstract
During the last years Phytophthora infestans sensu lato (Mont. De Bary) has caused epidemics in Colombia in Andean fruit crops such as Solanum quitoense and Solanum betaceum. Establishment of new or modified experimental procedures to study this pathogen is a mandatory subject for scientists. Twelve isolates of Phytophthora spp. obtained from six different Solanum hosts in Colombia were used to evaluate the effect of five different solid media for growth and ability to produce sporangia and liberate zoospores. Determination of the best media culture and optimal growth temperature were necessary to perform measurements and correlate the provenance of isolates with phenotypic traits. Modifications were made to use ingredients available in local markets on the following media: lime bean agar (LBA), Tree tomato or tree tomato agar (TA), carrot agar (AZ), Rye A modified agar and 32% non-clarified V8 agar. Cardinal temperature determination was performed at 10, 15, 20, and 25 °C. Morphometric traits were measured once the optimal media culture and temperature were defined. Correlation analysis showed that there is a relationship between the host and isolate's preferences for media culture and optimal growth temperature. In addition, the production of characteristic sporangia, sporangiophore and mycelia was related with the media type used and host from which the isolate was collected. In this work useful information was provided to make studies about the biology and development of isolates gathered from cultivated and wild non-traditional hosts.
Highlights
The production of characteristic sporangia, sporangiophore and mycelia was related with the media type used and host from which the isolate was collected
The obtained suspension was visualized under the light microscope at 400x to verify structures of Phytophthora infestans sensu lato and concentration was adjusted to 2 × 104 sporangia mL−1 in sterile distilled water
During the process of isolation of P. infestans it was observed that some isolates spend more time growing than others so we decided to evaluate different types of media culture reported in the literature to see whether this difference was due to specific nutrient requirements of each isolate
Summary
In South America, including Colombia there are other crops affected by this pathogen such as lulo or naranjilla (S. quitoense Lam.), tree tomato or tamarillo (S. betaceum Cav.), pear melon (S. muricatum Ait.) and other crop and wild species (Forbes et al, 2013; Zapata and Bernal, 2012). These Andean fruit crops have good potential for the internal and for the export markets and are very important from a socio-economic point view because they are grown mainly by small farm-holders and they are included in the list to replace illicit crops in the affected areas (Gutiérrez, 2009). In tree tomato and lulo, the disease was unknown until recently, farmers did not recognize symptoms or confused them with other pathologies like anthracnosis caused by Colletotrichum sp. (Corda) or the chlorotic spot caused by Cladosporium sp. (Link) this disease was controlled mistakenly increasing costs, contaminating the environment and affecting health (Pardo-De La Hoz et al, 2016; Afanador-Kafuri et al, 2003)
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