Abstract
Mechanoluminescent materials have recently attracted considerable attention as they can convert stimulation of mechanical force into photons that can be used in many areas, ranging from basic energy-saving lighting and display to advanced ultrasound-induced biomedical imaging. However, functional and optical materials that feature emission of mechanoluminescence (ML) have only a limited diversity. Here Eu2+-doped CaCl2 was introduced to expand the family of mechanoluminescent materials. It was demonstrated that CaCl2:Eu2+ could emit photoluminescence, radioluminescence, ML, and persistent luminescence (PersL). Eu2+ ions always acted as luminescent centers (5d→4f transition) during these four emission modes. Moreover, the property of traps of CaCl2:Eu2+ was investigated in detail. Experimental results indicated that there was a competitive relation between ML and PersL, and ML belonged to trap-controlled ML.
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