Mechanochemical generation of perchlorate

Abstract

Perchlorate (ClO4−) is widespread in the solar system having been detected on Earth, on Mars, in chondrite meteorites and in lunar samples. On Mars, perchlorates expand the potential for habitable conditions by lowering the freezing point of liquid water in the formation of brines. In future manned space exploration their presence poses a hazard to human health, however, it also represents opportunities as a source of oxygen and fuel. Despite their prevalence, the mechanism(s) of perchlorate formation in different solar system environments are poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that perchlorate can be generated through the mechanical activation of silicates in the presence of chloride.