Abstract
One of the most critical events in the life of a cell is segregation of chromosomes at meiosis and mitosis. Improper segregation of the genetic material during both mitosis and meiosis would be detrimental to the daughter cells. Therefore, cells have evolved many controls and checkpoints to ensure that a critical size is met, DNA is undamaged and correctly replicated, and that the centrosome and spindle apparatus are intact before cell division occurs (Hartwell and Weinert 1989; Murray 1992). A principal point for control of the cell cycle is at the Gap2/mitosis (G2/M) transition. This chapter will concentrate on the mechanisms of negative growth control at the G2/M transition in multicellular eukaryotes. Also, we will review how cells alter these G2/M controls in both cell differentiation and development. Since the genetics of cell-cycle checkpoints in yeast have been recently reviewed, these studies will not be extensively covered; instead, the yeast studies will be referred to where they best illustrate the point (Stewart and Enoch 1996; Elledge 1996).
Published Version
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