Mechanism of Palladium‐Catalyzed Spiroannulation of Naphthols with Alkynes: A Density Functional Theory Study

Abstract

AbstractPd‐catalyzed spiroannulation of bromophenylnaphthalenols with acetylenes to achieve asymmetric dearomatization is a powerful way to construct chiral spiro‐compounds. DFT calculations with the M06 functional have been performed to reveal the mechanism and enantioselectivity of this reaction. After reversible oxidative addition of aryl bromide to Pd(0), acetylene insertion into the Pd−C(aryl) bond is considered to be the rate‐ and enantioselectivity determining step. Subsequent deprotonation and reductive elimination then give the spiroannulation product. The overlay and noncovalent interaction analysis of the critical transition states were used to reveal the origin of the enantioselectivity for this reaction. We found that the axial chirality of the naphthol moiety affects the relative free energies of the corresponding transition states, whereas the enantioselectivity is controlled by the steric repulsion between the naphthol moiety and the ligand.