ABSTRACT Achieving industrial‐scale, low‐cost, self‐supported electrodes for alkaline water electrolysis is a central challenge. The self‐supported electrodes often suffer from limited intrinsic activity and weak interfacial coupling, especially in iron foam based electrodes. Here, we propose a Mo‐assisted boronized foam‐iron self‐supported electrode fabrication strategy. Boronization creates metal‐boron networks on the Fe foam surface, strengthening the coupling between active centers and the substrate with the introduction of Mo. The as‐formed TMo 2 FeB 2 /FeB@IF catalyst exhibits high bifunctional activity for both HER (256 mV at 100 mA cm −2 ) and OER (370 mV at 100 mA cm −2 ).The two‐electrode alkaline water electrolysis constructed of Mo 2 FeB 2 /FeB@IF can reach an operating voltage of 1.90 V at 100 mA cm −2 , significantly outperforming commercial Pt/C@IF and RuO 2 @IF. This self‐supported electrode provides a scalable, cost‐effective pathway toward industrial‐grade alkaline water electrolysis integrated with renewable energy sources.

ABSTRACT Bismuth metal and its oxides are common catalysts for electrochemical CO 2 reduction (CO 2 R) to HCOOH, although they tend to suffer from lower activity due to poor conductivity. Here we investigated a bismuth selenide catalyst which adopted a spiral‐nanoplate morphology. The catalyst had a mass activity of 31 mA mg −1 for HCOOH at ‐0.9 V RHE, double that of commercial Bi 2 Se 3 powder, nearly ten‐times that of commercial Bi (16 mA mg −1 and 3.8 mA mg −1 respectively), and competitive with other contemporary Bi‐based catalysts. It also possessed greater stability than these counterparts. The higher mass activity of spiral Bi 2 Se 3 occurred alongside a lower charge transfer resistance (78 Ω) than commercially available Bi 2 Se 3 or Bi (314 Ω and 247 Ω respectively). These characteristics of spiral Bi 2 Se 3 were attributed to the presence of a unique Bi 2 Se 3 /Bi 0 heterostructure formed from the depletion of Se from the near‐surface region of the material during electrocatalysis. The lower charge transfer resistance of the Bi 2 Se 3 /Bi 0 heterostructure, relative to Bi and commercial Bi 2 Se 3 , resulted in catalytic sites that were more active for the kinetically complex CO 2 R reaction.

ABSTRACT In the development of economic competitive and sustainable pharmaceutical manufacturing with homogeneous catalysts, catalyst recovery is a key step toward efficient and scalable processes, as it directly impacts process efficiency and economic feasibility. In this study, we demonstrate the integration of organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN) into a continuous asymmetric hydrogenation of benzylphenylephrone (BPE) to enable catalyst recycling and process intensification. This is coupled with kinetic modeling for in silico investigation of the established process. Membrane screening identified PuraMem Flux as the most suitable material, achieving >90% catalyst retention under operating conditions. Catalyst recycling experiments revealed a reproducible activity loss of ∼10% per cycle, which was incorporated into the mathematical model and validated in recirculation operation. Scale‐up to a 59.4 mL tubular reactor with an integrated unit for OSN confirmed the accuracy of the model and demonstrated stable operation with consistently high enantiomeric excess (87%–90% ee). Comparative evaluation of single‐pass and recirculation operation highlighted the benefits of catalyst recycling, with yields increased from 69.1% to 86.8%, while space–time yield (STY) improved by over 20%. Together, these findings establish continuous asymmetric hydrogenation with catalyst recycling via OSN as a promising route, providing a robust foundation for efficient and sustainable pharmaceutical manufacturing.

Abstract An important photoelectrocatalyst for solar‐driven hydrogen synthesis is n‐type bismuth vanadate (BiVO 4 ) because of its straddling band alignment with water splitting potentials, visible‐active bandgap (2.4 eV), and outstanding theoretical efficiency. Unfortunately, the actual feasibility of pure BiVO 4 photoanodes is hampered by their restricted hole diffusion length and slow surface oxidation rates. We offer a novel FeOOH@Ni‐doped BiVO 4 photoanode manufacturing method that addresses these issues by dual‐modifying a nanoporous BiVO 4 with bulk nickel doping and a surface iron oxyhydroxide oxygen evolution catalyst (OEC). The solar‐driven water oxidation experiments revealed that the as‐synthesized FeOOH@Ni‐doped BiVO 4 showed a high photocurrent density of 1.62 mA cm −2 at 1.0 V RHE , representing an approximately two‐fold increase with respect to the pristine counterpart. Additionally, the applied bias photon‐to‐current conversion efficiency (ABPE) of the rationally engineered FeOOH@Ni‐doped BiVO 4 photoanode was significantly improved from 0.47% to 0.83%, and the surface charge separation efficiency reached a maximum of 23%. The long‐term photostability studies demonstrated maximum photocurrent retention for 10 h without any significant degradation. We believe our findings open a new avenue for developing a next‐generation photoanode and providing a rational strategy for designing an efficient solar‐assisted water splitting system.

ABSTRACT The development of high‐performance heterogeneous catalysts for the hydroformylation of olefins to produce aldehydes is significant. The incorporation of heteroatoms into polymeric or carbon nanospheres, aimed at improving catalytic activity and selectivity toward linear aldehydes has motivated extensive research efforts. Herein, we report the design of an N/P co‐doped porous carbon nanomaterial derived from cyclotriphosphazene containing covalent organic framework (COF) for the immobilization of rhodium species. The resulting catalyst exhibited excellent performance in hydroformylation of styrene, achieving 99.9% conversion and 93.1% aldehyde selectivity, with a linear‐to‐branched (l/b) ratio of 1.71. Moreover, it demonstrated remarkable stability over 10 consecutive recycling tests, outperforming most reported Rh‐based catalysts. Mechanistic studies reveal that the introduction of P significantly lowers the energy barrier along the linear aldehyde pathway, with the highest barrier reaching only 0.35 eV. This value was lower than that of branched aldehyde pathway under P‐coordination (0.66 eV), indicating a reversal in regioselectivity favoring linear aldehydes. This work provides a generalizable strategy for the preparation of various metal‐supported carbon‐based catalysts with heteroatoms doping for catalytic applications.

ABSTRACT Heterogeneous photocatalysis has progressively evolved to address solar‐to‐chemical energy conversion bottlenecks. Although earlier generations established foundational principles, they faced limitations in atomic efficiency and charge transfer. This review critically analyzes fourth generation photocatalysts, a paradigm defined by atomic precision and dynamic interface engineering on TiO 2 platforms. Distinct from classical models, this generation leverages electronic/covalent metal–support interactions, where single‐atom catalysts chemically integrate into the lattice via direct orbital bonding (e.g., Ti‐O‐M) to bypass recombination traps. We examine key charge separation breakthroughs, including self‐healing redox cycles in Cu single atoms (56% quantum efficiency), exciton‐mediated transfer in Mo‐doped systems, and synergistic dual‐junction architectures. Furthermore, the pivotal role of defect engineering (Ti 3 + , oxygen vacancies) in stabilizing atomic sites and tuning selectivity is highlighted. This review offers a unified framework for designing next‐generation photocatalysts that overcome intrinsic bulk semiconductor limitations through atomic‐level innovations.

ABSTRACT The controlled stabilization of non‐noble metal species for propane dehydrogenation (PDH) remains challenging due to their intrinsic tendency toward aggregation and oxidation‐state drift. Here, we demonstrate that silanol nests within dealuminated Beta zeolites act as defect‐engineered anchoring centers that regulate the polymerization of vanadium oxides (VO x ). Systematic manipulation of silanol density through dealumination, thermal condensation, and sodium passivation reveals a positive correlation among silanol‐nest population, vanadium dispersion, and PDH performance. The optimized V 1% /DeAlBeta catalyst achieves a high propylene formation rate of 1.93 mol C3H6 g V −1 h −1 , a low deactivation rate (0.0067 h −1 ) at 580°C, and excellent long‐term stability and regenerability across eight consecutive redox cycles. Comprehensive spectroscopic analyses identify cooperative silanol–VO x interactions that stabilize isolated and low‐polymerized vanadium species, whereas depletion of silanol nests triggers the formation of polymeric VO x domains with diminished activity. These results highlight a defect‐directed confinement strategy to stabilize earth‐abundant metal sites and offer conceptual guidelines for designing environmentally benign and cost‐effective PDH catalysts.

ABSTRACT The water splitting is a promising method for hydrogen production. The efficiency of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is largely dependent on the efficient electrocatalyst with high activity and long‐term stability. In this work, a Ni active layer is prepared on the ligament surface of self‐supporting nanoporous CuZrAl metallic glass (np‐CuZrAl MG) through physical vapor deposition (PVD). Then, a trace amount of Pt is doped on the Ni active layer by a galvanic replacement (GR) reaction. The as‐formed Pt/Ni/np‐CuZrAl MG exhibits outstanding catalytic performance for HER with the low overpotential of 58 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm −2 . Also, the Pt/Ni/np‐CuZrAl MG presents good long‐term stability due to the self‐supporting structure and excellent mechanical property. This work offers valuable insights for the development of efficient catalysts, particularly in energy conversion and storage applications.

ABSTRACT Efficient and cost‐effective electrocatalysts play a crucial role in the alkaline water splitting for H 2 production. In this study, we successfully synthesized a three‐dimensional (3D) sea urchin‐like Ru‐NiCoP self‐supporting electrocatalyst deposited on nickel foam which exhibits good electrocatalytic performance in water splitting. In 1 M KOH aqueous solution, only the low overpotentials of 79.5 mV and 225.2 mV are required to achieve the current density of 10 mA·cm −2 for the hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction, respectively. For overall water splitting (OWS), a cell voltage of only 1.52 V is needed to generate the current density of 10 mA·cm −2 . Furthermore, the electrode shows long‐term stability for OWS, maintaining its performance for 80 h even at a high current density of 50 mA·cm −2 . The good electrocatalytic performance can be ascribed to the unique 3D sea urchin‐like nanostructure and the synergistic effect of multiple transition metal phosphides in regulating the surface electronic structure. This work provides ideas for developing new precious‐metal‐saving self‐supporting electrodes.

ABSTRACT This study explores the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of glycerol into liquid petroleum gas (LPG) compounds using Mo 2 C nanoparticles supported on Nb 2 O 5 , γ‐Al 2 O 3 , and TiO 2 . These supports were selected due to their differing acidity levels, which significantly influenced their catalytic behavior. Theoretical calculations using density functional tight binding methods provided insights and were linked to the catalytic activity, as they influence the adsorption and electron transfer capabilities of the Mo 2 C surface. In the catalytic testing, Mo 2 C/Nb 2 O 5 outperformed other catalysts, showing a lower energy barrier for acetol formation—a key intermediate in the glycerol HDO pathway. Such a catalyst's superior activity was also attributed to its higher Mo 4 + /Mo 5 + ratios, which favor deoxygenation pathways. The study further optimized the reaction conditions, such as hydrogen partial pressure, temperature, and glycerol concentration, to maximize the yield of LPG compounds; these conditions facilitated more effective deoxygenation, resulting in reduced oxygenate content and a higher overall yield of LPG compounds.