Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a multi-drug resistant opportunistic pathogen, which causes respiratory and urinary tract infections. Its prevalence increases gradually in the clinical setup. Carbapenems (beta-lactam) are most effective antibiotics till now against A. baumannii, but the development of resistance against it may lead to high mortality. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to develop an alternative drug against A. baumannii. In the present study, we have synthesized ZnO nanoparticle (ZnO-NP) and characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and UV-Visible spectroscopy. Prepared ZnO-NPs have the size of 30 nm and have different characteristics of ZnO-NPs. Growth kinetics and disk diffusion assay showed that ZnO-NP demonstrated good antibacterial activity against carbapenem resistant A. baumannii. We have also investigated the mechanism of action of ZnO-NPs on the carbapenem resistant strain of A. baumannii. The proposed mechanism of action of ZnO involves the production of reactive oxygen species, which elevates membrane lipid peroxidation that causes membrane leakage of reducing sugars, DNA, proteins, and reduces cell viability. These results demonstrate that ZnO-NP could be developed as alternative therapeutics against A. baumannii.
Highlights
Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, catalase-positive, non-motile, nonfermenting, non-fastidious coccobacilli (Peleg et al, 2008), and mainly found in the hospital setups (Fournier and Richet, 2006) but rarely on human skin (Seifert et al, 1997; Berlau et al, 1999) and fingertips (Glew et al, 1977)
The emergence of drug resistance in A. baumannii will lead to high mortality and morbidity
Transmission electron microscopy was performed to study the effect of zinc oxide (ZnO) on bacterial cell membrane integrity (Figure 9)
Summary
Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, catalase-positive, non-motile, nonfermenting, non-fastidious coccobacilli (Peleg et al, 2008), and mainly found in the hospital setups (Fournier and Richet, 2006) but rarely on human skin (Seifert et al, 1997; Berlau et al, 1999) and fingertips (Glew et al, 1977) This pathogen targets hospitalized patients who are critically ill and cracks in the skin and respiratory tract (Peleg et al, 2008). There is an urgent need to design or develop an alternative drug to beta-lactams (carbapenem) that may be used to control A. baumannii. Different approaches have been investigated that includes screening of herbal compounds (Tiwari et al, 2015b, 2016), in silico drug designing (Tiwari et al, 2018a,b; Verma et al, 2018), nanomaterial-based approaches (Tiwari et al, 2015a, 2017b), etc. to find suitable alternative to the carbapenem
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