Abstract
Recent advances in functionalized bio-nanocapsules (BNCs) have allowed a significant sensitivity enhancement in label-free biosensors. It is suggested that sensitivity amplification is caused by the higher binding affinity of BNCs to target antibodies. We here study the high-affinity interaction mechanism between BNCs and antibodies with wireless high-frequency QCM biosensors. We first confirmed the higher affinity between BNCs and human immunoglobulin G. We then found that the number of binding sites for the target antibody significantly increases by immobilizing BNC molecules on the sensor surface. We finally studied changes in viscoelasticity near the sensor surface using a MEMS wireless QCM biosensor using up to the ninth overtone (522 MHz). The inversely determined effective shear modulus on BNCs was found to be significantly lower than that on a standard surface on which the receptor molecules were immobilized. We have thus clarified that this surface flexibility achieves high affinity with target antibodies.
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